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Beneficiary Required Minimum Distributions (RMD) Definitions

Calculation notes

This calculator follows the SECURE Act of 2019 Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) rules. If you have questions, please consult with your own tax advisor regarding your specific situation.

Use this calculator if any of the following apply:

  1. The original account owner died before 1/1/2020
  2. The spouse is the only beneficiary of the account
  3. The beneficiary isn't a non-spouse Designated Eligible Beneficiary
  4. The beneficiary is a non-spouse Designated Eligible Beneficiary but chose to use the standard RMD method.

This calculator is not designed for the additional RMD options that are available to non-spouse Designated Eligible Beneficiaries for years 2020 and after. However, non-spouse Eligible Designated Beneficiaries can choose to use the standard RMD calculations. Using the additional RMD options available to them is a choice made when the account is inherited, it is not a requirement. Non-spouse Eligible Designated Beneficiaries include a child of the account owner that is under age 21 or are permanently disabled or are chronically ill. A child, once they reach 21, is no longer considered an Eligible Designated Beneficiary and the 10-year distribution rule will apply starting in the year they turn 21. For more information please see Modification of Required Distribution Rules for Designated Beneficiaries.

This calculator has been updated for SECURE 2.0 of 2022, the SECURE Act of 2019, the CARES Act of 2020 and IRS Notices through December 31st, 2025. Future IRS notices, updated rules and procedures may have an impact on enforcement and interpretation of these Acts and notices.

Life expectancy calculations

The SECURE Act of 2019 new RMD rules are used when an account owner dies after 12/31/2019. The pre-SECURE Act rules apply for account owners who died on or before 12/31/2019.

The pre-SECURE Act RMD calculations are used if the beneficiary is 10 or less years younger than the original account owner or an if the beneficiary is classified as an Eligible Designated Beneficiary.

The SECURE Act of 2019 doesn't change a spouse's option to treat inherited account as his or her own. In this case, no distributions are required until the year in which the spouse reaches age 75 (or 70 1/2 if you were born before 7/1/1949, 72 if you were born 7/1/1949 to 12/31/1951, 73 if you were born 1/1/1951 to 1/1/1960). This calculator assumes that a spouse will wish to treat an inherited IRA as their own.

If the account owner was younger than the beneficiary, and it was past the required begin date for required minimum distributions when the account owner died, the beneficiary can choose to use the account owner's life expectancy to calculate Required Minimum Distributions (RMD). In this special case, the result will always produce a lower RMD. If this situation occurs, this calculator will use the account owner's age to determine the applicable life expectancy when calculating RMDs.

When using the 10-year rule, the IRS requires a beneficiary to withdraw an RMD for year 1 through 9 if the original account owner had already begun taking RMDs themselves. The remainder is required to be withdrawn in its entirety in year 10.

Year of RMD

The year to calculate the Required Minimum Distribution (RMD). This is typically the current year. Change the year to calculate a previous year's RMD.

Amount Subject to RMD

This is the fair market value of your account as of the close of business on December 31st of the prior year.

Estimated rate of return (provides an estimate of future RMDs)

This is the expected rate of return on your account. This is only used to help project your future account balances (which of course will impact your required minimum distribution). La tasa de rendimiento real depende en gran medida de los tipos de inversiones que elija. El índice Standard & Poor's 500® (S&P 500®) durante los últimos 10 años que finalizaron el 31 de diciembre de 2025, tuvo una tasa de rendimiento compuesta anual de 14.8 %, con la reinversión de dividendos. Desde el 1 de enero de 1970 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2025, la tasa de rendimiento compuesta anual promedio del S&P 500®, con la reinversión de dividendos, fue aproximadamente del 11.3 % (fuente: www.spglobal.com). Desde 1970, el rendimiento más alto a 12 meses fue del 61 % (desde junio de 1982 hasta junio de 1983). El rendimiento más bajo a 12 meses fue del -43 % (desde marzo de 2008 hasta marzo de 2009). Las cuentas de ahorro en una institución financiera pagan menos, pero conllevan un riesgo significativamente menor de pérdida de saldos de capital.

Es fundamental tener en cuenta que estos escenarios son meramente hipotéticos y que las tasas de rendimiento futuras no pueden preverse con certeza. Además, las inversiones que ofrecen tasas de rendimiento más altas suelen estar expuestas a un mayor riesgo y volatilidad. La tasa real de rendimiento de las inversiones puede variar significativamente con el tiempo, en especial en las inversiones a largo plazo. También puede implicar la posible pérdida de capital invertido. No es posible invertir directamente en un índice y la tasa de rendimiento compuesta mencionada anteriormente no incluye los cargos por ventas ni otras tarifas que imponen los fondos de inversión o las empresas de inversión.

Owner birthdate

Enter the original account owner's birthdate. If the account owner was younger than the beneficiary, and it was past the required begin date for required minimum distributions when the account owner died, the beneficiary can choose to use the account owner's life expectancy to calculate Required Minimum Distributions (RMD). In this special case, the result will always produce a lower RMD. If this situation occurs, this calculator will use the account owner's age to determine the applicable life expectancy when calculating RMDs. Other than using the account owner's age at death, the calculation is identical. The calculator will only apply this rule to non-spouse beneficiaries, for spousal beneficiaries it is assumed they will treat the account as their own.

Beneficiary birthdate

Enter the beneficiary's birthdate. For spousal beneficiaries this is used to lookup your annual life expectancy each year an RMD occurs. For non-spousal RMDs that began in 2019 or earlier (they are not subject to the SECURE Act changes) this is used to calculate the life expectancy of the beneficiary.

Owner dies

Enter the date that the original account owner died.

Is account owner beneficiary's spouse?

If the original account owner was your spouse, and you were the sole beneficiary, then you have the ability to treat the inherited account as if it were your own. This is the most flexible and usually the best choice for this type of beneficiary. This calculator assumes that this is an option you would like to take. If you check this box, normal account owner distribution rules apply, including, but not limited to, minimum distributions not being required until you reach age 75 (or 70 1/2 if you were born before 7/1/1949, 72 if you were born 7/1/1949 to 12/31/1951, 73 if you were born 1/1/1951 to 1/1/1960).

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